Prevalence of accidents among children in El-Minya rural area

The magnitude of the problem of accidents among rural children was explored by a survey study among the population of Beni-Ahmad Village, El-Menia Governorate at 1992. 307 [51.8%] out of 601 families who were asked about the occurrence of previous accidents, had children exposed to/or still suffering from the consequence of accidents. As regards sex of children, 157 [51%] were males and 150 [49%] were females. The injuries of lower limb were the most frequent [35.2%], then the injuries of the face [20.8%], and injuries of upper limb were the third frequent [15.3%]. 6.7% of the females and 3.9% of males were affected by a permanent disability. By classification of children into 3 groups according to the age, age group 5 - 10 years represents 41.7% of the affected children. The difference among groups were significant X 2 = 31.6 [p <0.05]. As regards the place of accidents, 74% of accidents occurred at home, ranked as following: At kitchen 35%, 22% on stairs, 7.2% in rooms, and 5.5% at roof and windows, while the accidents at street represent about 17.9%. Also, this study found that 55.5% of all cases received home treatment and 13.3% were treated by the rural health physician and 19.6% were treated at district hospital. As regards birth order of the affected children, the second is the mode [mean 3.15 +/- 2 for male and mean 3.2 +/- 2.2 for female]. It was suggested that the busy mothers have no chance to give more care for their children even at home. Also, the explanation of more frequency of injuries at kitchens is due to mothers' lack of awareness. It was recommended that for the safety of the children, the mothers must give more attention to prevent the exposure of their children to the hazards of accidents either inside or outside home, and all people must be well informed about first aids management

Utlization of surgical beds among three district hospitals, El-Minya, Egypt

A prospective study for one year was designed to study the efficiency of the use of available beds of general surgery departments in the three district hospitals, El-Menia Governorate, Egypt. In this study, the three departments deal with 2248 surgical cases, the males represent 65% of all cases, among them 45.1% were emergency cases versus 47.6% emergency cases among females, most of cases [64.5%] were from rural areas and about 46% [1034] of patients were emergency cases. 53% [553] of them were exposed to surgical interference. The majority of operations were mild operations, the major operations were 11% only. The efficiency of utilization of beds were unaccepted if compared with the international figures. As regards the frequency of cases, diseases of the digestive system constitute 44% of cases, injuries constitute 27.7% and diseases of skin constitute 9.9%. Lastly, another detailed study, to help these hospitals to utilize their resources efficiently in the future, was recommended

Factors affecting low vaccination coverage at some villages El-Minya rural area during autumn, 1992

In some villages of El-Menia Governorate, vaccination coverage is still under the target objective. To investigate the causes of this problem, a cross-section study was done to investigate the vaccination status of 640 infants and children under 2 years of age, at two villages [Reida and El-Hawaslia] at El-Menia Governorate. 54.4% of them were males and 45.6% were females, the percentage of those fully vaccinated among males were 27.8% at Reida and 35.4% at El- Hawaslia [P <0.05]. As regards the individual vaccine, the BCG had the higher coverage rates, where it was 63% at Reida and 68% at El- Hawaslia [P >0.05]. But the percentage of those fully vaccinated by DPT were 30% at Reida and 45% at El-Hawaslia, also the percentage of those fully vaccinated by OPV were 36% at Reida versus 47% at El- Hawaslia [P <0.001]. As regards measles vaccination coverage, it were 60.7% in El-Hawaslia versus 46.8% in Reida, the difference was significant. In exploring the causes of low vaccination, it was found that 44.3% were due to busy mothers, 30.2% the mothers were unaware for need of vaccination, and 27.7% were due to fear of complications. Health education was given for all mothers, and all unvaccinated children were vaccinated at the end of this study either at health units or at home by outreach program

Effect of anti-bilharzial treatment [praziquantel] on urothelium improvement A histopathological and immunological study

The effect of therapy by praziquantel on bilharzial urothelium was studied on 60 patients, 30 cases and 30 control. Cystoscopic and bladder biopsy was taken before and after treatment with praziquantel 40 mg/kg/ body weight for 4 doses one week apart. Cystoscopy after treatment revealed disappearance of the acute lesions: acute ulcers, edema and congestion. But no improvement of chronic lesions; and no changes were found among control group. Histopathological examination shows complete improvement of the acute lesions, granulomatous reaction, degeneration of the living ovae; but no noticeable effect upon the chronic lesions as stromal fibrosis, squamous metaplasia, and no histopathological changes shown among control group. Immunofluorescent deposition positivity was studied in bilharzial Antigen, IgM, IgA and IgG. Bilharzial antigen and IgM immunofluorscent deposition positivily can be used as a marker for detection of the response of treatment with praziquantel especially in acute lesions